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Dow Building Solutions has commissioned the help of Global Solar Energy in its effort to manufacture solar roof shingles. These shingles are an effort to create an innovative BIPV or building-integrated photovoltaic technology for Dow’s participation in the U.S. Department of Energy SAI (Solar America Initiative). According to Dow, it has chosen Global Solar as a partner because the latter is the sole company able to provide flexible Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS) material used for the PVs, which actually meets SAI’s requirement of having 10 percent efficiency, as well as fits Dow’s needs to a T. CIGS is perfect for the type of BIPV technology Dow is creating because of its low cost and high efficiency. Dow’s aim is to lower the cost of solar panels, specifically BIPVs, making solar energy a competitive source of energy, as builders and architects are given free reign on how they want to position the BIPVs due to their inherent flexibility.
Current Solicitations
See also: Scholarships, Fellowships, & Postdoctoral Positions
Note: Not all federal agencies have specific webpages for nanotechnology funding opportunities. In addition, solicitations often are worded generally and the technological tools to be employed, whether micro-, nano- or macro-scale, are not specified. Looking broadly into areas of interest—for instance, toxin removal or semi-conducting materials— is often the best approach.
New Solicitations
- April 27, 2009 deadline—National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH has received new funds for Fiscal Years (FYs) 2009 and 2010 as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act). NIH has designated at least $200 million for a new initiative called the NIH Challenge Grants in Health and Science Research.
- May 1, 2009 deadline—The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; CNMS is soliciting proposals for user-initiated nanoscience research that will make effective use of CNMS facilities and staff expertise.
- May 11, July 13, 2009 deadlines—Technology Innovation Program; Call for White Papers. TIP is seeking white papers to help shape the Programs’ collaborative outreach and competitions in the future.
- May 21, 2009 deadline—DARPA – Microsystems Technology Office; NanoThermal Interfaces (NTI). DARPA is soliciting innovative research proposals in the area of NanoThermal Interfaces (NTI). The primary goal of this program is the development and demonstration of ideas based on novel materials and structures that can provide significant reductions in the thermal resistance of the interface layer (often called the TIM) between the backside of an electronic device and the next layer of the package, which might be a spreader or a heatsink (this might be based on technologies developed in the DARPA-sponsored TGP and/or MACE programs, respectively).
- October 30, 2009 deadline (continuously open) — U.S. Army; The U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command-Armaments Research, Development and Engineering Center (RDECOM-ARDEC) is looking to identify and develop nanotechnologies for the purpose of generating future armament systems.
- February 5, June 5, October 5 annual deadline— (A) National Institutes of Health, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine “(R01 – Basic Research Grant).” The purpose of this funding opportunity is to stimulate nanoscience and nanotechnology research approaches that have the potential to make valuable contributions to biology and medicine.
- February 16, June 16, October 16 annual deadline— (B) National Institutes of Health, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine “(R21 – Exploratory/Developmental Grant).” The purpose of this funding opportunity is to stimulate nanoscience and nanotechnology research approaches that have the potential to make valuable contributions to biology and medicine.
- Federal Agency Funding Opportunities
- Commerce Department Grant Opportunities
Department of Commerce
- U.S. Army Funding Opportunities
- U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research
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- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
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- Also see NCER News & Events
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- NASA Grants Information Homepage
- Also see NASA Research Opportunities Online
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Cancer Institute (NCI) Aliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer: Funding Opportunities
- NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts and Notice
- NIH Nanotechnology and Nanoscience Information
- NIH NIEHS Genes, the Environment and Health Initiative Funding Opportunities
- Small Business Research Funding Opportunities
National Institutes of Health
- NIST Funding Opportunities
National Institute of Standards & Technology
- NSF Activities, Solicitations and Their Outcomes
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MURI08 – Nanomembranes
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http://muri.engr.utexas.edu/ http://www.nanomembrane.org/ http://www.rle.mit.edu/NSL/MURI/
MURI06 – Silicon Laser and Nanophotonics
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http://web.mac.com/jose.menendez/iWeb/Physics/Blog/39F8FEDD-849F-4F89-A5 http://brongersma.stanford.edu/plasmonmuri/ http://www.plasmonmuri.caltech.edu/index.html
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MURI03 – Nanoprobes
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http://vdw.ece.wisc.edu/ntools/ http://www.optics.rochester.edu/workgroups/novotny/muri03/
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DURINT01 (Concluded) Surface Modification for Advanced Hybrid Nanosystems
http://nanostructure.usc.edu/projects/durint.shtml
National Science Foundation
[From:]
http://www.nano.gov/html/funding/currentsol.html
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http://www.science.doe.gov/grants/
Who is eligible to apply for grant funding?
Colleges and universities, non-profit organizations, for-profit commercial organizations, state and local governments, and unaffiliated individuals may submit grant applications in response to the following Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA).
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ATTENTION – CHANGE IN |
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Funding Opportunity Announcements
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ATTENTION: NEW INFORMATION REVISED APPLICATION DUE DATE: |
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The Funding Opportunity Announcements for DE-PS02-09ER09-01 and DE-PS02-09ER09-02 were reposted on March 5, 2009, the application forms now being used are in Adobe format. These Announcements are published Annually and will remain open until succeeded by another issuance by the Office of Science usually posted after the beginning of the Fiscal Year (October 1, 2009). Applications submitted under these Announcements, Annual Notice — Continuation of Solicitation for the Office of Science Financial Assistance Program Annual Notice — Submission of Renewal and Supplemental Applications for Office of Science Grants and Cooperative
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Go to the Office of Science Home Page
http://www.science.doe.gov/grants/
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- Commerce Department Grant Opportunities
Department of Commerce
Grants
Department of Commerce (DOC)
Economic Development Administration (EDA)
International Trade Administration (ITA)
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Special American Business Internship Training Program (SABIT). A technical assistance initiative of the International Trade Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce, SABIT offers organizations competitive grants and an opportunity to host industry-specific delegations. SABIT serves as an initial entry point for U.S. businesses seeking funding to establish long-term relationships with potential customers, distributors, or partners in the former Soviet Union. The program trains Eurasian managers and scientists in commonly accepted business practices as a means of facilitating cross border relationships. In turn, these personal relationships serve as a basis for business development and reduce market access barriers for U.S. businesses
National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST)
National Telecommunications & Information Administration (NTIA)
National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
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Special American Business Internship Training Program
Promoting Partnerships, Generating Results
The emerging markets of Eurasia present unique opportunities for U.S. companies and Eurasian economies alike. The Special American Business Internship Training (SABIT) program builds partnerships and provides technical assistance by training Eurasian business leaders in U.S. business practices. These training programs directly support Eurasian economic and civil society development by encouraging market-based reforms, while generating valuable export and investment opportunities for U.S. industry.
While Eurasian markets are full of opportunity, there are an equal number of risks that must be considered. A sound understanding of the local market environment is instrumental in managing these risks. SABIT enables U.S. companies to develop this local knowledge by establishing partnerships and training local Eurasian management.
SABIT manages a training program that turns partnerships into results.
Current and Upcoming Group Programs
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Water Resource Management – for Central Asia, Western Eurasia and the Caucasus, April 11 – May 9, 2009 |
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Coal Mining and Clean Coal Technologies – for Eurasia, April 18 – May 9, 2009 |
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Hotel Management – for Eurasia, May 30 – June 27, 2009 |
What’s New in SABIT
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About the International Trade Administration
Welcome to trade.gov, the Web site of the International Trade Administration (ITA) of the Department of Commerce! ITA’s mission is to create prosperity by strengthening the competitiveness of U.S. industry, promoting trade and investment, and ensuring fair trade and compliance with trade laws and agreements. Trade.gov provides you access to ITA’s valuable information and services regarding U.S. international trade policy. For those businessess wanting to expand their export markets, visit the U.S. Government Export Portal, export.gov.
- Find a local office
- Find analysis
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- Get export counseling
- Find statistics
- Interact with an advisory committee
- Report a trade barrier
- File a trade complaint
- Find a form
- Find a job at ITA
- Find a policy initiative
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Looking for a comprehensive overview of how to export? For more than 70 years, A Basic Guide to Exporting has been the resource that businesses have turned to for answers to their questions about how to establish and grow overseas markets for their products and services.
More Information about “A Basic Guide to Exporting”
- Doing Business in Portugal: A Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies
- Supply Chain Competitiveness Conference
- International Trade Networking Cocktail
- International Trade Small Business Forum
- Register for the Reinsurance Sector in Brazil Webinar
- Register for the Caribbean Webinar on Barbados
- Register for the Webinar Series on Canada
- Market Brief – Interview with Dillon Banerjee of Portugal
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Export.gov’s Partner Agencies
Export.gov is the U.S. Government’s export promotion and finance portal. We designed this portal to deliver critical export information and services from across the U.S. Government to small and medium-sized U.S. companies to begin or expand their exporting business.
Federal export assistance is delivered by many U.S. Government Agencies. To learn more about these various agencies, we have provided you the following list.
International Trade Administration
Foreign Agriculture Service (FAS)
Agency for International Development (USAID)
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)
U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA)
Office of Foreign Assets Control
United States Trade Representative
International Trade Administration
The International Trade Administration (ITA) of the Department of Commerce, provides the leadership and funding for this website.
ITA’s lead business unit for trade promotion is the U.S. Commercial Service which supports U.S. businesses through its global network of offices. The U.S. Commercial Service offers four ways to grow your international sales:
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world-class market research |
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trade events that promote your product or service to qualified buyers |
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introductions to qualified buyers and distributors |
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counseling through every step of the export process |
For more information about how our worldwide network can help your company, call 1-800-USA-TRADE or contact our Export Assistance Centers.
ITA’s other business units include: Market Access and Compliance which resolves market access issues, identifies and reduces trade barriers and ensures that foreign countries are in compliance with trade agreements; Manufacturing and Services which advocates policies to help U.S. companies be competitive at home and around the world and ensures industry’s voice is reflected in policy development; and Import Administration which administers various trade laws, monitors subsidies and promotes textile exports.
The Department of Energy’s overarching mission is to advance the national, economic, and energy security of the United States; to promote scientific and technological innovation in support of that mission; and to ensure the environmental cleanup of the national nuclear weapons complex.
The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) is the official export credit agency of the United States. Ex-Im Bank’s mission is to assist in financing the export of U.S. goods and services to international markets.
Ex-Im Bank enables U.S. companies — large and small — to turn export opportunities into real sales that help to maintain and create U.S. jobs and contribute to a stronger national economy.
Ex-Im Bank does not compete with private sector lenders but provides export financing products that fill gaps in trade financing. We assume credit and country risks that the private sector is unable or unwilling to accept. We also help to level the playing field for U.S. exporters by matching the financing that other governments provide to their exporters.
Foreign Agriculture Service (FAS)
The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) works to improve foreign market access for U.S. products, build new markets, improve the competitive position of U.S. agriculture in the global marketplace, and provide food aid and technical assistance to foreign countries.
FAS has the primary responsibility for USDA’s international activities—market development, trade agreements and negotiations, and the collection and analysis of statistics and market information. It also administers USDA’s export credit guarantee and food aid programs, and helps increase income and food availability in developing nations by mobilizing expertise for agriculturally led economic growth.
FAS also enhances U.S. agriculture’s competitiveness by providing linkages to global resources and international organizations.
Agency for International Development (USAID)
Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent federal government agency that receives overall foreign policy guidance from the Secretary of State. Our work supports long-term and equitable economic growth and advances U.S. foreign policy objectives by supporting:
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economic growth, agriculture and trade; |
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global health; and, |
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democracy, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance. |
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)
Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) helps U.S. businesses invest overseas, fosters economic development in new and emerging markets, complements the private sector in managing risks associated with foreign direct investment, and supports U.S. foreign policy. Because OPIC charges market-based fees for its products, it operates on a self-sustaining basis at no net cost to taxpayers.
The Small Business Administration (SBA), created in 1953, is the only independent agency of the federal government with the sole mission of assisting small businesses to start, grow and prosper. SBA offers loan guaranty programs that enable the small business exporter to obtain working capital to finance pre- and post- shipment needs, increase global competitiveness, enhance their ability to export a product or service and financing for acquisition of long term fixed assets.
SBA delivers its export loan programs through a network of SBA Regional Managers located in U.S. Export Assistance Centers throughout the country. More information on SBA’s assistance to U.S. small business exporters can be found on the International Trade section of their web site.
The Department of State is the lead US foreign affairs agency, and the Secretary of State is the President’s principal foreign policy adviser. The Department advances US objectives and interests in shaping a freer, more secure, and more prosperous world through its primary role in developing and implementing the President’s foreign policy.
The Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (EB) formulates and carries out U.S. foreign economic policy, integrating U.S. economic interests with our foreign policy goals so that U.S. firms and investors can compete on an equal basis with their counterparts overseas. It implements American economic policy in cooperation with U.S. companies, U.S. Government agencies, and other organizations.
U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA)
The U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA)’s mission is to advance economic development and U.S. commercial interests in developing and middle-income countries. To this end, the agency funds various forms of technical assistance, investment analysis, training, orientation visits and business workshops that support the development of a modern infrastructure and a fair and open trading environment. In carrying out its mission, USTDA gives emphasis to economic sectors that may benefit from U.S. exports of goods and services.
Office of Foreign Assets Control
The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the US Department of the Treasury administers and enforces economic and trade sanctions based on US foreign policy and national security goals against targeted foreign countries, terrorists, international narcotics traffickers, and those engaged in activities related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. OFAC acts under Presidential wartime and national emergency powers, as well as authority granted by specific legislation, to impose controls on transactions and freeze foreign assets under US jurisdiction.
United States Trade Representative
The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is an agency of over 200 people, a highly committed group of professionals who have decades of specialized experience in trade issues and regions of the world. They negotiate directly with foreign governments to create trade agreements, resolve disputes and participate in global trade policy organizations. They also meet with governments, business groups, legislators and public interest groups to gather input on trade issues and explain the president’s trade policy positions.
http://www.export.gov/about/exp_000874.asp
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Research Home
The NNI participating agencies contribute in many ways to research in nanotechnology, from basic research and development to regulation and commerce issues. You can find out what research is currently being funded by the U.S. government by searching databases at www.research.gov and CRISP.
Research journals and other online resources:
Read linking policy
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- **NEW** – AFRL Nanoscience Technologies Applications, Transitions, & Innovations
- ACS Nano
- Advanced Materials
- American Physical Society journals
- Applied Optics
- Applied Physics Letters
- AZoNano
- IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology
- Institute of Nanotechnology
- InterNano
- International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON) and Rice University’s Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology (CBEN) online database of scientific findings related to the benefits and risks of nanotechnology
- International Journal of Nanoscience
- The Journal of Nanoparticle Research
- Nanoscience at NSF
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- Industry collaborations help to foster the movement of technology from the laboratory to the marketplace
- 10 high impact application opportunities and critical research needs are described on the Research News page.
- NNI Research Centers provide critical resources for research and education in nanotechnology.
- NNI Workshop Reports address the critical needs and areas of opportunities in different areas of nanotechnology research. As part of its mission, the NNI conducts periodic workshops to solicit the expertise of researchers in fields of nanotechnology.
Related NNI Links
The NNI would like to make this page a valuable resource to researchers. If you have resources that other researchers would find valuable, please contact the NNCO at info@nnco.nano.gov
We claim:
1. A process for removing NOx emissions from a boiler fired by a high nitrogen content fuel, comprising:burning a high nitrogen content fuel in a boiler at atmospheric pressure to generate steam for a steam-turbine cycle and a waste gas including oxides of nitrogen;
burning a hydrocarbon fuel in a gas turbine combustor for a gas-turbine cycle to clean said waste gas of the oxides of nitrogen and to generate power;
compressing said waste gas from said boiler to a predetermined entering pressure of said gas turbine combustor;
introducing said compressed waste gas from said boiler into a fuel rich zone of said gas-turbine combustor to react with pyrolyzed fragments of said hydrocarbon fuel to convert NOx in said waste gas to N2 ;
adding an oxidant to said gas turbine combustor to complete combustion; and
directing exhaust gas from said combustor to a gas turbine.
2. The process of claim 1, further comprising removing sulfur compounds from said waste gas prior to entering said compressor to minimize damage to said gas turbine.
3. The process of claim 2, further comprising removing particulates from said waste gas prior to entering said compressor to minimize damage to said gas turbine.
4. The process of claim 3, wherein said particulates are removed at below 4 ppm.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein said hydrocarbon fuel comprises natural gas.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein substantially all of said waste gas is compressed and introduced into said gas combustor.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein said gas turbine combustor comprises a first fuel-rich combustion zone and a second fuel-lean combustion zone, and said compressed coal waste gas is introduced into said first fuel-rich zone at a downstream location, whereby said waste gas mixes with pyrolyzed hydrocarbon fragments of said fuel.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to pollution control, and more particularly to pollution control for coal-fired combustion processes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[etc.]
08/340154
Publication Date:
04/08/1997
Filing Date:
11/15/1994
View Patent Images:
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Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation
Assignee:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA)
Primary Class:
60/783
Other Classes:
423/235, 60/732, 60/39.182
International Classes:
F01K23/06; F02G3/00; F02G6/00
Field of Search:
60/39.02, 60/39.12, 60/39.464, 60/39.465, 60/39.5, 60/39.182, 60/39.52, 60/732, 422/182, 422/183, 423/235
US Patent References:
3150487 Steam turbine-gas turbine power plant September, 1969 Mangan et al.
3194015 Combined steam and gas turbine power plant July, 1965 Pacault 60/391.82
3232713 Apparatus for converting oxides of nitrogen to innocuous gases February, 1966 Felder, Jr. 422/183
3703807 COMBINED GAS-STEAM TURBINE POWER PLANT November, 1972 Rice
3791137 FLUIDIZED BED POWERPLANT WITH HELIUM CIRCUIT, INDIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE AND COMPRESSED AIR BYPASS CONTROL February, 1974 Jubb et al. 60/394.63
3873845 METHOD OF PRODUCING ELECTRIC ENERGY INCLUDING COAL GASIFICATION March, 1975 Osthaus 60/391.82
3957418 Method and an apparatus for performing closed combustion May, 1976 Sata
3971211 Thermodynamic cycles with supercritical CO.sub.2 cycle topping July, 1976 Wethe et al. 60/391.82
4154567 Method and apparatus for the combustion of waste gases May, 1979 Dahmen 422/182
4271664 Turbine engine with exhaust gas recirculation June, 1981 Earnest
4313300 NOx reduction in a combined gas-steam power plant February, 1982 Wilkes et al.
4342192 Plant for producing power from solid fossil fuels, more particularly bituminous coal August, 1982 Heyn et al.
4353206 Apparatus for removing NOx and for providing better plant efficiency in combined cycle plants October, 1982 Lee
4362013 Method for operating a combined plant December, 1982 Kuribayashi
4426842 System for heat recovery for combustion machine including compressor for combustion air January, 1984 Collet
4468928 Altitude responsive turbocharger control system September, 1984 Suzuki
4502277 Turbine power plant system March, 1988 Papastavros 60/391.81
4519207 Combined plant having steam turbine and gas turbine connected by single shaft May, 1985 Okabe et al.
4519993 Process of conversion for disposal of chemically bound nitrogen in industrial waste gas streams May, 1985 McGill et al. 423/235
4539918 Multiannular swirl combustor providing particulate separation September, 1985 Beer et al. 60/394.64
4569197 Method for producing energy from solid, fossil and ballast rich fuels January, 1986 Adrian et al.
4845940 Low NOx rich-lean combustor especially useful in gas turbines July, 1989 Beer
4875436 Waste heat recovery system October, 1989 Smith et al.
4928635 Power plant and method of retrofitting existing power plants May, 1990 Shelor
4936088 Low NOX cogeneration process June, 1990 Bell
4974411 Supercharged coal-fired steam generator December, 1990 Bruckner et al.
4996836 Combined gas and steam turbine process March, 1991 Reh et al. 60/391.2
5044152 Method of operating a combined plant September, 1991 Hoizumi et al.
5069685 Two-stage coal gasification and desulfurization apparatus December, 1991 Bissett et al. 60/391.2
5078752 Coal gas productions coal-based combined cycle power production January, 1992 Mach et al.
5139755 Advanced reburning for reduction of NO.sub.x emissions in combustion systems August, 1922 Seeker et al. 423/235
5148668 Combined gas/steam turbine power station plant September, 1992 Frutschi
5174107 Combined power generating plant December, 1992 Ogawa et al.
5255507 Combined cycle power plant incorporating atmospheric circulating fluidized bed boiler and gasifier October, 1993 Gounder 60/391.2
5265410 Power generation system November, 1993 Hisatome 60/391.2
5339621 Waste treatment system and method utilizing pressurized fluid August, 1994 Tolman 60/391.2
Foreign References:
JP0336409 March, 1991
JP0048804 April, 1992
Primary Examiner:
Thorpe, Timothy
Assistant Examiner:
Kim, Ted
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Weingarten, Schurgin, Gagnebin & Hayes LLP
Beer, Janos M. (Winchester, MA)
Toqan, Majed A. (Avon, CT)
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
“The present invention provides a system for NO x emission reduction from boilers which burn fuels having a high nitrogen content, such as coal or a heavy fuel oil. An inverse combined steam-gas turbine cycle is provided. In the steam cycle, the fuel is burned in a boiler to raise steam to power a steam turbine. In the gas turbine cycle, a hydrocarbon fuel such as natural gas is burned in a gas combustor to power a gas turbine. The exhaust gas from the steam cycle combustion is introduced through a compressor into the gas combustor, where nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the exhaust gas may be reduced through reactions with the hydrocarbon fuel. Thus, the combined cycle is the inverse of combined steam-gas turbine cycles known in the prior art, in which exhaust from the gas turbine cycle is introduced into the steam turbine cycle.”
“In the present invention, substantially all of the steam cycle flue gas may be introduced into the gas-turbine cycle. A compressor for the flue gas is provided to compress the flue gas to the predetermined input pressure for the gas combustor. The size of the compressor and gas combustor are determined by the amount of flue gas generated. Prior to entry into the compressor, the flue gas is preferably cooled to maximize its density, thereby minimizing the work input to the compressor, and any liquid droplets are removed. A scrubber to remove sulfur compounds and an electrostatic precipitator to remove particulates are also provided in the flue gas exhaust line upstream of the compressor. In this manner, the present invention effectively reduces the NO x emissions from a fossil fuel exhaust gas. If desired, the exhaust gas from the gas turbine may be utilized in the steam-turbine cycle.”
Titre du document / Document title
Design optimization of axial flow hydraulic turbine runner. 1: An improved Q3D inverse method
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
GUOYI PENG (1) ; SHULIANG CAO (2) ; ISHIZUKA Masaru (1) ; HAYAMA Shinji (1) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurukawa, Kosugi-machi, Imizu-gun, Toyama 939-0398, JAPON
(2) Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, CHINE
Résumé / Abstract
With the aim of constructing a comprehensive design optimization procedure of axial flow hydraulic turbine, an improved quasi-three-dimensional inverse method has been proposed from the viewpoint of system and a set of rotational flow governing equations as well as a blade geometry design equation has been derived. The computation domain is firstly taken from the inlet of guide vane to the far outlet of runner blade in the inverse method and flows in different regions are solved simultaneously. So the influence of wicket gate parameters on the runner blade design can be considered and the difficulty to define the flow condition at the runner blade inlet is surmounted. As a pre-computation of initial blade design on S2m surface is newly adopted, the iteration of S1 and S2m surfaces has been reduced greatly and the convergence of inverse computation has been improved. The present model has been applied to the inverse computation of a Kaplan turbine runner. Experimental results and the direct flow analysis have proved the validation of inverse computation
Revue / Journal Title
International journal for numerical methods in fluids ISSN 0271-2091 CODEN IJNFDW
Source / Source
2002, vol. 39, no6, pp. 517-531 (18 ref.)
Langue / Language
Anglais
Editeur / Publisher
Wiley, Chichester, ROYAUME-UNI (1981) (Revue)
Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords
Iterative method ; Numerical convergence ; Numerical simulation ; Modeling ; Three dimensional flow ; Kaplan turbine ; Velocity distribution ; Runner ; Axial flow ; Optimization method ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Geometrical shape ; Optimal design ; Turbine blade ; Inverse problem ; Hydraulic turbine ;
Mots-clés français / French Keywords
Méthode itérative ; Convergence numérique ; Simulation numérique ; Modélisation ; Ecoulement tridimensionnel ; Turbine Kaplan ; Distribution vitesse ; Canal injection ; Ecoulement axial ; Méthode optimisation ; Mécanique fluide numérique ; Forme géométrique ; Conception optimale ; Aube turbine ; Problème inverse ; Turbine hydraulique ;
Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords
Método iterativo ; Convergencia numérica ; Simulación numérica ; Modelización ; Flujo tridimensional ; Turbina Kaplán ; Distribución velocidad ; Canal inyección ; Flujo axial ; Método optimización ; Mecánica fluido numérica ; Forma geométrica ; Concepción optimal ; Paleta turbina ; Problema inverso ; Turbina hidraúlica ;
Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 19291, 35400010167402.0040
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=13729663
**
http://www.newmillshydro.com/products/item/4/kaplan-turbines
The Kaplan turbine was developed by Austrian engineer Viktor Kaplan around 1915. Kaplans are generally considered for low head high flow applications.
The Kaplan is an inward radial flow type reaction turbine similar to a Francis turbine. The turbine is usually placed in a spiral volute. Like a Francis turbine the Kaplan has a series of adjustable wicket gates. However the turbine runner (looking somewhat like a ship’s propeller) has adjustable blades. By changing the angle of the blades in tandem with the angle of the turbines the Kaplan can maintain a high efficiency even at very low flows.
Reaction Turbines like the Kaplan have a change in water pressure as the water passes through the turbine. There is pressure on the upstream side of the turbine runner and suction on the downstream side. On the downstream or outlet side of the turbine is the drafttube which slows the water as it exits the turbine. The draftube has a unique curved horn like shape.
Because Kaplans have a very flat flow to efficiency curve they are particularly suited to sites on rivers where the amount of available water varies greatly.
Kaplan Turbine
Click Thumbnails (slide show on this site – great)http://www.newmillshydro.com/products/item/4/kaplan-turbines
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Radical Polymers for Organic Electronic Devices: A Radical Departure from Conjugated Polymers? (p NA)
Kenichi Oyaizu, Hiroyuki Nishide
Published Online: Mar 26 2009 3:55AM
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200803554
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Radical polymers are aliphatic or nonconjugated polymers bearing organic robust radicals as pendant groups per repeating unit. A large population of the radical redox sites allows efficient redox gradient-driven and/or electric-field-driven electron transport through the polymer layer. Radical polymers are emerging as a new class of materials useful for energy storage, transport, and conversion devices. |
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Abstract | References | Full Text: PDF (Size: 353K)
Save Article
Photocatalytic Carbon-Nanotube-TiO2 Composites (p NA)
Karran Woan, Georgios Pyrgiotakis, Wolfgang Sigmund
Published Online: Mar 13 2009 6:11AM
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802738
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Carbon-nanotube-titania composites exhibit enhanced photocatalytic properties over titania. The proposed mechanisms of catalytic enhancement resulting from the pairing of the titania semiconductor with either metallic, semiconducting, or defect-rich carbon nanotubes is discussed. The recent advances in the synthesis techniques for these composites and their photocatalytic reactions with organic, inorganic, and biological agents are also highlighted. |
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On the Fracture Toughness of Advanced Materials (p NA)
Maximilien E. Launey, Robert O. Ritchie
Published Online: Mar 4 2009 5:29AM
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200803322
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Few engineering materials are limited by their strength; rather they are limited by their fracture toughness. The resistance to fracture of a given material is intimately related to its microstructure. Perfect examples of this are biological materials that offer design strategies for the development of new composites that will open new possibilities in many structural applications demanding combinations of both strength and toughness. |
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Sustainable sources of energy are a hot topic in the 21st century. The most cited papers about solar cells were published in Adv. Funct. Mater.—stay on top with our materials science journals!
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Electrocaloric Materials for Solid-State Refrigeration (p NA)
Sheng-Guo Lu, Qiming Zhang
Published Online: Feb 27 2009 6:21AM
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802902
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Applying an electrical field to a dielectric may induce a large entropy and temperature change which is attractive for solid-state cooling. We present the general considerations and review the experimental efforts to achieve large electrocaloric effect (ECE) in dielectrics. We show that by operating above the order-disorder transitions, a large ECE can be achieved in a ferroelectric polymer. |
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Formation of Network and Cellular Structures by Viscoelastic Phase Separation (p NA)
Hajime Tanaka
Published Online: Feb 23 2009 7:31AM
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802763
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A physical principle for producing network and cellular structures using viscoelastic phase separation is described. Its potential applications to the morphological control of materials spanning from soft to hard matter is detailed. Network (sponge) and cellular structures are often seen in various types of materials that are generally characterized by light weight and high mechanical strength. |
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Metal Chalcogenide Clusters on the Border between Molecules and Materials (p NA)
John F. Corrigan, Olaf Fuhr, Dieter Fenske
Published Online: Feb 19 2009 8:28AM
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200802897
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Nanoclusters containing up to several hundred transition metal atoms can be understood as intermediates between mononuclear complexes and binary solid-state phases. In contrast to conventional nanoparticles, these species are precisely monodisperse, and therefore their molecular structures can be determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The figure shows the packing of the [Ag344S124(StBu)96] clusters in their 3D crystal lattice. |
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Observation of Unusual Homoepitaxy in Ultrathin Pentacene Films and Correlation with Surface Electrostatic Potential (p NA)
Vivek Kalihari, David J. Ellison, Greg Haugstad, C. Daniel Frisbie
Published Online: Apr 22 2009 11:43AM
DOI: 10.1002/adma.200900362
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Pentacene second layer grows with a twist ( |
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76 °) on the first layer, while the third and subsequent layers show commensurism with their respective underlayers. The preferred twisting of the second layer on the first layer gives rise to epitaxial and non-epitaxial domains which also reflect in the surface electrostatic potential measurements.Abstract | References | Full Text: PDF (Size: 663K) | Supporting information
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