Tags
CERN, cricketdiane, Einstein, electricity, fusion, ITER, nuclear fusion
How Seawater Can Power the World – NYTimes.com.
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Tesla turbine – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Describes a bladeless turbine designed by Nikola Tesla.
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List of Tesla Patents -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tesla_patents
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LRB · Donald MacKenzie · How to Make Money in Microseconds.
Explains the algorithms used in the stock market for trades that most people don’t know are running in the background for every exchange.
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UCS Nuclear Power Safety & Security Recommendations | Union of Concerned Scientists.
Lists guidelines for nuclear power to be operated more safely given the recent Fukushima meltdown and release of radioactive materials that has occurred. (from the Union of Concerned Scientists).
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Precision Linear Actuators for Precision Motion Control: Ceramic and Ball Screw Types.
Just really nifty stuff.
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A new way to build nanostructures | R&D Mag.
Also very nifty.
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Anton Paar Finds Continued SAXsess | R&D Mag.
X-ray scattering is one of the most effective methods for determining the structure of materials on the nanoscale. Scattering is favored because it can reveal both the structure and chemical composition of solids or liquids without destroying the sample. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) is a widely used variation of this technique that fires a monochromatic beam through a sample. Most of the x-rays pass through the sample, but some x-rays scatter as they encounter inhomogeneities in the material.
For porous materials, SAXS is especially useful because x-rays are scattered as they pass through interfaces of domains within the sample. These domains can be solid, another type of liquid, or even a gas within the sample.
(etc.)
Very nifty – but I suppose it can’t be taken out to a building, a bridge, a dam or a levee to check the integrity of those materials. But, it sure needs to – or something that is based on the same principles. (my note)
– cricketdiane
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Superior Technical Ceramics Corp. for Ceramic Parts.
Absolutely stunning stuff.
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About a teacher who taught Einstein –
Aurel Stodola From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aurel StodolaAurel StodolaBorn 10 May 18591859-05-10Liptovský Mikuláš, Austro-Hungarian EmpireDied 25 December 19421942-12-25 aged 83Zürich, SwitzerlandResting place Liptovský Mikuláš, SlovakiaResidence Slovakia, Switzerland
Known for technical thermodynamics gas turbine-powered electric generator
Awards Honorary degree of Leibniz University Hannover Grashof medal of Verein Deutscher Ingenieure Honorary degree of German Technical University of Brno Honorary degree of Charles University of Prague James Watt International MedalAurel Boleslav Stodola 10 May 1859 Liptovský Mikuláš, Austro-Hungarian Empire – 25 December 1942 Zürich, Switzerland
Aurel Stodola was an engineer, physicist, and inventor. He was an ethnic Slovak. He was a pioneer in the area of technical thermodynamics and its applications and published his book Die Dampfturbine the steam turbine in 1903. In addition to the thermodynamic issues involved in turbine design the book discussed aspects of fluid flow, vibration, stress analysis of plates, shells and rotating discs and stress concentrations at holes and fillets.[1]
Stodola was a professor of mechanical engineering at the Swiss Polytechnical Institute now ETH in Zurich. One of his students was Albert Einstein.[2] In 1892, Stodola founded the Laboratory for Energy Conversion.
Steam and Gas TurbinesStodola’s book Steam and Gas Turbines [3] was cited by Soviet rocket scientist Fridrikh Tsander in the 1920s. Published in English in 1927 and reprinted many times up to 1945, it was a basic reference for engineers working on the first generation of jet propulsion engines in the United States.[4]
Stodola worked closely with industries on the development of the first practical gas turbines, in particular Brown, Boveri & Cie, who built the first gas turbine-powered electric generator in 1939.[5]
Medical equipmentIn 1915-1916 Stodola collaborated with Ferdinand Sauerbruch a German surgeon to develop an advanced mechanically driven prosthetic arm. This collaboration marked one of the first documented examples of a surgeon and engineer merging efforts. Sauerbruch said, “Henceforth, surgeon, physiologist, and technician prosthetist/engineer will have to work together.”[6]
Honors 1905 – Honorary degree of Leibniz University Hannover 1908 – Grashof medal of Verein Deutscher Ingenieure Honorary degree of German Technical University of Brno 1929 – Honorary degree of Charles University of Prague 1941 – James Watt International MedalCorresponding member of French Academy of Sciences.
See also Ellipse Law
References 1. ^ Rao, S., “Mechanical Vibrations”, Addison-Wesley, Wokingham, England, Third Edition, 1995. 2. ^ “Osobnosti Pýcha inžinierstva celého sveta Aurel Stodola: Moje city nikdy neochabli pre môj národ”. civil.gov.sk. http://www.civil.gov.sk/archiv/casopis/2001/1426mipr.html. Retrieved 23 September 2009 In Slovak. 3. ^ Aurel Stodola 1945, Steam and gas turbines, New York: P. Smith, OL18625767M 4. ^ Dawson, V.P., Engines and Innovation: Lewis Laboratory and American Propulsion Technology. NASA SP-4306, 1991. 5. ^ Early Gas Turbine History at web.mit.edu 6. ^ Childress, D.S., Development of rehabilitation engineering over the years: As I see it. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 2002, 396, Supplement:1-10.[edit] External links Virtual Exhibbition from the Library of the ETH Zürich German Fund of A. StodolaPersondataName Stodola, AurelAlternative names Short description Date of birth 10 May 1859Place of birth Liptovský Mikuláš, SlovakiaDate of death 25 December 1942Place of death Zürich, Switzerland
Retrieved from “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurel_Stodola”Categories: 1859 births | 1942 deaths | Slovak inventors | Slovak engineers | Hungarian engineers | Hungarian scientists | Austro-Hungarian scientists | ETH Zurich faculty | People from Liptovský Mikuláš | Turbines | Jet engines | Power engineering
via Aurel Stodola – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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Relativistic-runaway-electron avalanche – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Relativistic-runaway-electron avalanche – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This one is very important where fusion possibilities are concerned. Well worth studying this page at wikipedia.
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Carbon nanotubes offer new way to produce electricity
Carbon nanotubes offer new way to produce electricity.
This is the best one.
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Breakthrough in Converting Heat Waste to Electricity : Northwestern University Newscenter
Breakthrough in Converting Heat Waste to Electricity : Northwestern University Newscenter.
“It has been known for 100 years that semiconductors have this property that can harness electricity,” said Mercouri Kanatzidis, the Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of Chemistry in The Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. “To make this an efficient process, all you need is the right material, and we have found a recipe or system to make this material.”
Well worth reading – my note.
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Directory:Thermal Electric – PESWiki.
Absolutely Amazing.
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Heat to electricity to heat to … « Texas A&M Engineering Works
Heat to electricity to heat to … « Texas A&M Engineering Works.
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Silicon Nanowires Turn Heat to Electricity – IEEE Spectrum
Silicon Nanowires Turn Heat to Electricity – IEEE Spectrum.
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02.15.2007 – Researchers convert heat to electricity using organic molecules, could lead to new energy source
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Generating ‘green’ electricity: Waste heat converted to electricity using new alloy
Generating ‘green’ electricity: Waste heat converted to electricity using new alloy.
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A Sound Way To Turn Heat Into Electricity
A Sound Way To Turn Heat Into Electricity.
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Turning heat to electricity – MIT News Office
Turning heat to electricity – MIT News Office.
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Quantum Ferromagnet Using a Nine Ion Crystal Observed by Researchers
Quantum Ferromagnet Using a Nine Ion Crystal Observed by Researchers.
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A brief and concise explanation of how the Fleischmann and Pons cold fusion experimental results came to be called quack science despite evidence to the contrary – (with sources) –
Source 9 does not mention “pathological science,” but is a report of the coming 2004 U.S. DoE review. It begins with: Cold fusion, briefly hailed as the silver-bullet solution to the world’s energy problems and since discarded to the same bin of quackery as paranormal phenomena and perpetual motion machines, will soon get a new hearing from Washington. This is a report in a reliable source, all right, but is fluff, general passing hyperbole, passive, with no attribution of who did the discarding.
Source 32 is not a reliable source, it appears to be a single individual’s private account of the meeting, attending with a group from General Electric Research, and does not mention “pathological science” either. It contains the following information about Morrison:
(etc.)
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Lightwave electronics at sharp metal tips
Lightwave electronics at sharp metal tips.
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Biography James Watt
Amazing. (my note)
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Patent analysis and product survey on use of nanomaterials in lithium-ion batteries
Patent analysis and product survey on use of nanomaterials in lithium-ion batteries.
Amazing – with a list toward the bottom of the article which describes the patents. Absolutely brilliant.
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List of Tesla Patents -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tesla_patents
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A Fusion Thruster for Space Travel – IEEE Spectrum
A Fusion Thruster for Space Travel – IEEE Spectrum.
This is AMAZING – although noted that it is ten years from being onboard – it is already at a very useful state of design.
Absolutely worth taking a look and reading through the explanation.
Truly amazing work.
Great design – very workable concept.
– cricketdiane
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More fusion notes. Glad to have found it.
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Evidence of a new phase in liquid hydrogen
February 25, 2010 By Miranda Marquit
http://www.physorg.com/news186310440.html
One of the most significant things Tamblyn and Bonev discovered through their simulations, from an astrophysics standpoint, is that equations describing the properties of hydrogen might need to be updated. “This should change the modeling going forward,” Tamblyn insists. “What we found in the liquid suggests what the solid might look like, and that can help determine some of its thermal and electronic properties.”
After running the simulations, Tamblyn and Bonev then had to analyze them. “We discovered an ordering in the liquid that accounts for some of the interesting characteristics of hydrogen, such as the fact that under certain conditions, liquid hydrogen is more dense than the solid. We also found that highly ordered packing explains properties related to dissociation that were previously not well understood.”
(etc.)
Information on the simulation efforts, as well as results and conclusions, are presented in Physical Review Letters: “Structure and Phase Boundaries of Compressed Liquid Hydrogen.”
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Scientists confirms liquid-liquid phase transition in silicon 
Mar 16, 2009 |
AND
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Therefore, we are all agreed that new ways of developing and harnessing energy resources are desirable and much needed. The idea that the concept of fusion promises viable solutions to these energy needs has been around for a long, long time. The first such candidate for inclusion in this article is Sergei –
I did a google search right quick rather than trying to find anything in my documents which takes forever –
using the search terms –
sergei 1827 engineering fusion
Very interesting results – but especially this one –
That is the google translation page to see it in English – it is a 2005 paper.
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And this one – also from those search results –
http://www.scribd.com/doc/58342978/52/Piotr-Leonidovich-Kapitza-1894%E2%80%931984
A quote from the text linked above –
By early August Kapitza, at Rutherford’s suggestion, was studying how the energy of the alpha particle falls off at the end of its range. This project was brought to a successful conclusion with amazing rapidity. (etc.)
And this one –
He had to convince the authorities that his work lay primarily in pure rather than applied physics and that he could do nothing useful unless he had equipment and other facilities comparable with those he had enjoyed in Cambridge. Negotiations were begun to bring him what he required.
So Kapitza settled down to research again and within a year made his greatest discovery, the superfluidity of liquid helium. However, he lacked the freedom he had enjoyed in Cambridge. From the mid 1930s Soviet scientists found themselves increasingly cut off from their colleagues in other countries.
( . . . )
Although he was no longer head of the Institute of Physical Problems, Kapitza retained his position and salary as a full academician and went to live at his country house at Nikolina Gora, where he managed to carry on scientific work while virtually under house arrest. Most of his effort went into building up a laboratory in various outhouses where, aided by his sons, particularly Sergei, he could continue experimental work, albeit only on relatively unexciting projects. While atomic physics elsewhere was moving rapidly ahead using particle accelerators and other new equipment, he was unable to contribute to this. Even after he had been reinstated in 1954 and could return to Moscow,he was still without the facilities he needed for the kind of experimental work at which he excelled. Nevertheless, he began to think about the possibility of developing a defence against atomic bombs using extremely powerful microwave emissions. Later he transferred his attention to the problem of generating energy through nuclear fusion.
(from)
http://www.scribd.com/doc/58342978/52/Piotr-Leonidovich-Kapitza-1894%E2%80%931984
Also – this note from the article above – (about who Sergei is – one of two children born to Piotr and his wife, Anna) –
Two children were born in their Cambridge period: in 1928 Sergei, who became a distinguished physicist and successful popularizer of science for Soviet television, and three years later Andrei, who became a well-known Antarctic explorer and geographer.
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There’s more.
From the other linked document –
http://www.riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp/public/publish/mokuroku05.pdf
(for which there is a google translated document link above the article about Piotr Kapitza,)
Liquid Helium Research from above (my note – and check out the equations he used)
To describe the contributions made by Piotr Kapitza in physics as it pertains to this discussion of fusion –
(from a biographical sketch about him online)
In 1934 he returned to Moscow where he organized the Institute for Physical Problems at which he continued his research on strong magnetic fields, low temperature physics and cryogenics.
In 1939 he developed a new method for liquefaction of air with a lowpressure cycle using a special high-efficiency expansion turbine. In low temperature physics, Kapitsa began a series of experiments to study the properties of liquid helium that led to discovery of the superfluidity of helium in 1937 and in a series of papers investigated this new state of matter.
During the World War II Kapitsa was engaged in applied research on the production and use of oxygen that was produced using his low pressure expansion turbines, and organized and headed the Department of Oxygen Industry attached to the USSR Council of Ministers. Late in the 1940′s Kapitsa turned his attention to a totally new range of physical problems.
He invented high power microwave generators – planotron and nigotron (1950- 1955) and discovered a new kind of continuous high pressure plasma discharge with electron temperatures over a million K. Kapitsa is director of the Institute for Physical Problems.
Since 1957 he is a member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He was one of the founders of the Moscow Physico-Technical Institute (MFTI), and is now head of the department of low temperature physics and cryogenics of MFTI and chairman of the Coordination Council of this teaching Institute. He is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics and member of the Soviet National Committee of the Pugwash movement of scientists for peace and disarmament.
http://kapitsa.nbaoh.com/1.htm
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And this –
(from the CERN materials found on this page link below it)
HEAVY ION PROGRAM AT BNL: AGS, RHIC*
D.S. Barton
AGS Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Associated Universities, Inc.
Upton, New York 11973
http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/p87/PDF/PAC1987_0804.PDF
(from the CERN materials found on this page – despite it being an early document among them)
http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/112546
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Oh yes, and do be sure and read this –
http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Meetings/FEC2008/ov_4-2.pdf
which explains a lot of it – in about the most current understanding of it with very clear explanations that are easy to follow –
*&*
And from this page -pg 25 of the document
http://www.riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp/public/publish/mokuroku05.pdf
極限構造材料
Extreme-Circumstances StructuraI Materials
教授 吉田 直亮，助教授 渡邉 英雄，助手 岩切 宏友
Professor Naoaki Yoshida, Associate Professor Hideo Watanabe,
Research Associate Hirotomo lwakiri
Xu, Qiu, N. Yoshida, T. Yoshiie : Dynamic Simulation of Multiplier Effects of
Helium Plasma and Neutron Irradiation on Microstructural Evolution in
Tungsten, Materials Transactions, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp.1255-1260, 2005.
Nishijima, D., H. Iwakiri, K. Amano, M.Y. Ye, N. Ohno, K. Tokunaga, N. Yoshida,
S. Takamura : Suppression of blister formation and deuterium retention on
tungsten surface due to mechanical polishing and helium pre-exposure, Nuclear
Fusion 45, pp. 669-674, 2005.
From the other linked document –
http://www.riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp/public/publish/mokuroku05.pdf
(for which there is a google translated document link above the article about Piotr Kapitza,)
page 22 – along with some of the non-linear dynamic system materials
高エネルギープラズマ
High Energy Plasma Physics
教授 伊藤 早苗，助教授 矢木 雅敏
Professor Sanae-I. Itoh, Associate Professor Masatoshi Yagi
Zonal flows in plasma –a review,
Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion Vol.47, No.5 (2005), R35-R161,
P. H. Diamond, S.-I. Itoh, K. Itoh and T. S. Hahm
Two decades of plasma physics – Turbulence and structure formation – (in
Japanese)
Parity Vol.20, No.11 (2005) 36-38
K. Itoh and S.-I. Itoh
Progress of the theory of zonal flow (in Japanese)
J. Plasma and Fusion Research Vol.81 No.12 (2005) 972-977
K. Itoh and S.-I. Itoh
Very interesting results – but especially this one –
That is the google translation page to see it in English – it is a 2005 paper.
(from the “obscurity assured” post I made on 6-27-11)
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Japan nano-tech team creates palladium-like alloy: report – Latest news around the world and developments close to home – MSN Philippines News
from Agence France-Presse, 12-30-10
using rhodium-silver nanoparticles with alcohol stabilization – wowsa. and it works . . .
Amazing.
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http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-news/cern-unveils-open-hardware-initiative/35209/
CERN unveils Open Hardware initiative
The CERN OHL was created to govern the use, copying, modification and distribution of hardware design documentation and the manufacture and distribution of products. Hardware design documentation includes schematic diagrams, designs, circuit or circuit board layouts, mechanical drawings, flow charts and descriptive texts, as well as other explanatory material.
That is truly amazing. What it means is that their research is available for anyone to study and understand better, among other things. It can be appropriately incorporated into different things following their guidelines. Truly amazing. And, wondrous news.
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DOE: Energy Science and Technology Virtual Library
Collections of scientific and technical information from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) with a distributed searching capability.
(Note – this was the page that I was talking about earlier in this post with the most wonderful archives of information from the DOE and it is really easy to figure out and use it – cricketdiane)
http://www.osti.gov/energyfiles/
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http://www.johnsonems.com/?q=node/2
JTEC
Johnson Thermo-Electrochemical Converter System
The JTEC is an all solid-state engine that operates on the Ericsson cycle. Equivalent to Carnot, the Ericsson cycle offers the maximum theoretical efficiency available from an engine operating between two temperatures. The JTEC system utilizes the electro-chemical potential of hydrogen pressure applied across a proton conductive membrane (PCM). The membrane and a pair of electrodes form a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) similar to those used in fuel cells.
On the high-pressure side of the MEA, hydrogen gas is oxidized resulting in the creation of protons and electrons. The pressure differential forces protons through the membrane causing the electrodes to conduct electrons through an external load. On the low-pressure side, the protons are reduced with the electrons to reform hydrogen gas. This process can also operate in reverse. If current is passed through the MEA a low-pressure gas can be “pumped” to a higher pressure.
The JTEC uses two membrane electrode assembly (MEA) stacks. One stack is coupled to a high temperature heat source and the other to a low temperature heat sink. Hydrogen circulates within the engine between the two MEA stacks via a counter flow regenerative heat exchanger. The engine does not require oxygen or a continuous fuel supply, only heat.
(etc.)
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Interesting, huh?
(from a post I made July 7, 2010 during the BP oil spill debacle of the Deepwater Horizon as it spewed zillions of cubic meters of crude oil and dispersants into the Gulf of Mexico – damn ridiculous mess they created.)
– cricketdiane
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NC State‘s PULSTAR Reactor is a 1 MW pool-type research reactor with 4% enriched, pin-type fuel consisting of UO2 pellets in zircaloy cladding.
Classifications
Nuclear Reactors are classified by several methods; a brief outline of these classification schemes is provided.
Classification by type of nuclear reaction
- Nuclear fission. All commercial power reactors are based on nuclear fission. They generally use uranium and its product plutonium as nuclear fuel, though a thorium fuel cycle is also possible. Fission reactors can be divided roughly into two classes, depending on the energy of the neutrons that sustain the fission chain reaction:
- Thermal reactors use slowed or thermal neutrons. Almost all current reactors are of this type. These contain neutron moderator materials that slow neutrons until their neutron temperature is thermalized, that is, until their kinetic energy approaches the average kinetic energy of the surrounding particles. Thermal neutrons have a far higher cross section (probability) of fissioning the fissile nuclei uranium-235, plutonium-239, and plutonium-241, and a relatively lower probability of neutron capture by uranium-238 (U-238) compared to the faster neutrons that originally result from fission, allowing use of low-enriched uranium or even natural uranium fuel. The moderator is often also the coolant, usually water under high pressure to increase the boiling point. These are surrounded by reactor vessel, instrumentation to monitor and control the reactor, radiation shielding, and a containment building.
- Fast neutron reactors use fast neutrons to cause fission in their fuel. They do not have a neutron moderator, and use less-moderating coolants. Maintaining a chain reaction requires the fuel to be more highly enriched in fissile material (about 20% or more) due to the relatively lower probability of fission versus capture by U-238. Fast reactors have the potential to produce less transuranic waste because all actinides are fissionable with fast neutrons,[7] but they are more difficult to build and more expensive to operate. Overall, fast reactors are less common than thermal reactors in most applications. Some early power stations were fast reactors, as are some Russian naval propulsion units. Construction of prototypes is continuing (see fast breeder or generation IV reactors).
- Nuclear fusion. Fusion power is an experimental technology, generally with hydrogen as fuel. While not suitable for power production, Farnsworth-Hirsch fusors are used to produce neutron radiation.
- Radioactive decay. Examples include radioisotope thermoelectric generators as well as other types of atomic batteries, which generate heat and power by exploiting passive radioactive decay.
(from)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor_technology
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Let’s Dance
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In nuclear physics, an energy amplifier is a novel type of nuclear power reactor, a subcritical reactor, in which an energetic particle beam is used to stimulate a reaction, which in turn releases enough energy to power the particle accelerator and leave an energy profit for power generation. The concept has more recently been referred to as an accelerator-driven system (ADS).
(from)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_amplifier
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And I wanted to put this one other reactor type which is amazing –
http://www.trtr.org/Links/TRTR_February.html
(But, those aren’t it. Does have interesting insight into the nuclear fission stuff underway, though.)
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This is the best little search for some good images of some of it – still not what I was trying to find –
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Its this nifty experimental fission powered reactor – seems like the pictures from it I’ve seen are from somewhere not in America – Switzerland, Denmark, France or Russia maybe –
I’ll look through my docs to decipher where it is from and what it is called – very, very nifty, though. You just gotta see it and what it does. Really amazing.
The whole approach is different. Yep, really amazing. And, the results are spectacular, at least I think so.
– cricketdiane
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Later . . .
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